The Indus River Civilization refers to the ancient civilizations that flourished in the Indus Valley during the period of 2500BC-1700BC. The representative locations are Harappa and Mohenjodaro. Both places are in the Indus Valley within Pakistan.

The ancient civilization in the Indus River region is not known who built it, and it has long since become extinct.

The green area is the Indus Valley of Pakistan, and the triangular plate on the right is the Indian Peninsula of the South Asian subcontinent

The ignorance of Chinese literati and the current mainstream history books, including various historical textbooks, all have serious geographical cognition errors-the "Indus ancient civilization" is regarded as "ancient Indian civilization", so this simple fact needs to be emphasized many times:

"India" with ancient civilizations is not in the Indian Peninsula in South Asia, but in the Indus Valley. The Indus River is not in India, and its main basins are in Tibet, Pakistan, and Afghanistan.

Therefore, the "Hindustan ancient civilization" mentioned in the West is actually located in Pakistan, Nepal and Afghanistan, not in the Indian Peninsula in South Asia or in the Ganges River Basin.

The Indian peninsula of South Asia, located in the east of the great desert in India, had basically no important relics of ancient civilization before it was conquered by the Turkic Mongols and established the Mughal Dynasty.

Most of the Indian Peninsula in South Asia has been wild and ignorant since ancient times, with many small tribes, and its economy and culture are extremely backward. There has been no written language or even a unified language since ancient times, and there is still a caste system that is strictly classified according to racial classes.

Therefore, the claim that India is one of the so-called four ancient civilizations is pure nonsense. It is a historical and geographical cognition error caused by modern literati referring to deer as horses based on the pseudo-history of British colonialism. Such absurd misconceptions have been in vogue for over a hundred years.

However, as long as you have eyes, you can look at the map, which is actually the simplest problem of fact recognition. Author/He Xin, Editor/He Yuting